Decoquinate

Decoquinate	Last updated: 20/03/2024
(Not known by any other names)

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A quinoline veterinary drug for both antibiotic prophylaxis and therapy

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

circa 1993, first registered in USA

Examples of veterinary uses

Used for the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis, mainly in calves and lambs

Examples of species treated

Cattle; Sheep; Goats; Birds and poultry

Approval status

VMR 2013/2033 approval status (GB/UK)

Approved

EU Regulatory approval status

Approved

Chemical structure

Isomerism

None

Chemical formula

C₂₄H₃₅NO₅

Canonical SMILES

CCCCCCCCCCOC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C(=O)C(=CN2)C(=O)OCC)OCC

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

JHAYEQICABJSTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C24H35NO5/c1-4-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-30-21-15-18-20(16-22(21)28-5-2)25-17-19(23(18)26)24(27)29-6-3/h15-17H,4-14H2,1-3H3,(H,25,26)

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Veterinary substance type

Coccidiostat, Antiparasitic, Medicinal drug, Feed additive

Substance groups

Quinoline

Minimum active substance purity

Known relevant impurities

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Thought to disrupt electron transport in the mitochondrial cytochrome system of coccidia

Molecular targets

[Mitochondrial respiration, Inhibitor], [Electron transport, Inhibitor]

CAS RN

18507-89-6

EC number

242-389-1

CIPAC number

US EPA chemical code

PubChem CID

Therapeutic Class

Antiparasitic products, insecticides & repellents: Antiprotozoals

ATCvet Code

QP51AX14

Controlled Drug?

Regulation 37/2010 MRL Classification

Allowed substance (Table 1: Bovine, Ovine)

Molecular mass

417.54

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

IUPAC name

6-decoxy-7-ethoxy-4-oxo-1H-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

CAS name

ethyl 6-decyloxy-7-ethoxy-4-hydroxy-3-quinolinate

Other status information

Not phytoxic

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Physical state

White or light yellow crystalline powder

Formulations

Property

Product

Manufacturer

Authorisation Route

Legal Class (GB/UK)

Example products (past and present) using this active

Deccox 6% Premix for medicated feeding stuff, for sheep and cattle

Zoetis UK Ltd

GB National authorisation

Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V)

Deccox 60 mg/g Premix for medicated feeding stuff, for sheep and cattle

Alpharma (Belgium) BVBA

Not licensed

Deccox Feed Additive

Alpharma (Norway) AS

Not licensed

Formulation and application details

Often formulated as a medicated pre-mix feed

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

0.122

Low

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

Melting point (°C)

244

Boiling point (°C)

517.9

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

267.0

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

6.31 X 10⁰⁷

Calculated

Log P

7.8

High

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Data type

Density (g ml⁻¹)

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

From soil surface

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Refractive Index

Environmental release

Substance may enter the environment via the urine and faeces of treated animals or by leaching from spilt medicated feed.

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

110

Persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₅₀ (field)

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₉₀ (field)

Note

General literature gives soil DT₅₀ between 96 and 550 days depending on soil type

Manure DT₅₀ (days)

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Note

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

Non-mobile

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

400000

Notes and range

Estimated

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

¹/_n

Notes and range

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

-3.27

Calculated

Low leachability

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

CT₅₀ (days)

Known metabolites

None

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

75000

Unknown species

Low

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

> 1000

Eisenia foetida

Low

Soil micro-organisms

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

> 100

Wheat Mustard Mungbean
Biomass, EC₅₀
as g ha⁻¹

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps)

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites)

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 0.016

Oncorhynchus mykiss

High

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 0.034

Daphnia magna

High

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.035

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

16.3

Chironomus riparius Larva

Low

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

0.00007

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

High

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

Marine bivalves – Acute EC₅₀ development (mg l⁻¹)

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

Dermal penetration studies (%)

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Occupational

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Excreted via urine and faeces

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Inhalation of dust may cause shortness of breath, tightness of the chest, a sore throat
May cause gastrointestinal irritation

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Powdered material may form explosive dust-air mixtures
Hydrophobic

CLP classification 2013

Environment: H413

WHO Classification

Not listed (Not listed)

UN Number

Waste disposal & packaging

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

Stable when stored in a cool, dry place

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

decoquinate

French

German

Danish

Italian

Spanish

decoquinato

Greek

Polish

Swedish

Hungarian

Dutch

Norwegian

Record last updated:	20/03/2024
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242