Propargite (Ref: ENT 27226)

Propargite (Ref: ENT 27226)	Last updated: 22/08/2024
(Also known as: BPPS; DO-14)

SUMMARY

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate Moderate alert: Potential for particle bound transport: Medium	Ecotoxicity High alert: Fish acute ecotoxicity: High; Fish chronic ecotoxicity: High; Daphnia acute ecotoxicity: High; Daphnia chronic ecotoxicity: High	Human health High alert: Reproduction/development effects

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

An acaricide used for mite control on various field, fruit, vegetable and ornamental crops

Example pests controlled

European red mite; Two-spotted mite; Spider mites

Example applications

Fruit including strawberries, cranberry, oranges, grapes, nectarines, jojobas; Ornamentals including roses, Christmas trees; Vegetables including beans; Walnuts & almonds; Cotton; Corn

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

1969, first introduced

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Not approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

Expired

UK LERAP status

No UK approval for use as a pesticide

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Not approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

France

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

Expired

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Not applicable

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Also used in

Australia, USA

Chemical structure

Isomerism

A complex molecule with three chiral features. The name propargite may apply to several of the possible stereoisomers of the compound.

Chemical formula

C₁₉H₂₆O₄S

Canonical SMILES

CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC2CCCCC2OS(=O)OCC#C

Isomeric SMILES

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

ZYHMJXZULPZUED-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C19H26O4S/c1-5-14-21-24(20)23-18-9-7-6-8-17(18)22-16-12-10-15(11-13-16)19(2,3)4/h1,10-13,17-18H,6-9,14H2,2-4H3

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Acaricide, Insecticide

Substance groups

Sulfite ester insecticide; Sulfite ester acaricide

Minimum active substance purity

870 g kg⁻¹

Known relevant impurities

EU dossier - None declared

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Non-systemic with contact action, inhibits oxidative phosphorylation. Inhibitor of mitochondrial ATP synthase.

CAS RN

2312-35-8

EC number

219-006-1

CIPAC number

216

US EPA chemical code

097601

PubChem CID

4936

CLP index number

607-151-00-7

Molecular mass

350.47

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

IUPAC name

2-(4-tert-butylphenoxy)cyclohexyl prop-2-ynyl sulphite

CAS name

2-(4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenoxy)cyclohexyl 2-propynyl sulphite

Other status information

Chemical subject to PIC regulations: GB Part 2

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

12C

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Amblyseius fallacis, Oligonychus pratensis, Panonychus ulmi, Tetranychus pacificus, Tetranychus turkestani, Tetranychus urticae

Physical state

Dark yellow-brown viscous liquid

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Chemtura
Makhteshim
Uniroyal

Example products using this active

Omite 570EW
Fenpropar
Ornamite
Propachem
Comite

Formulation and application details

Often supplied as emulsifiable concentrates, oil-water emuslsion, water-soluble bags or wettable powder

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

0.215

Low

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

200000

Hexane

200000

Toluene

200000

Dichloromethane

200000

Acetone

Melting point (°C)

Boiling point (°C)

Decomposes before boiling

Degradation point (°C)

210

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

5.01 X 10⁰⁵

Calculated

Log P

5.7

High

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Soluble

Data type

Regulatory data - observed in metabolism and farm animal feeding studies

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.113

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Not applicable

No dissociation

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

4.04 X 10^-02

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

6.4 X 10^-02

Non-volatile

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

From soil surface

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

No absorption >290nm

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

Moderately persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

72.2

Moderately persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

16.7

Non-persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

301.0

Persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

262.7

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

EU dossier lab studies DT₅₀ range 29.1-429.3 days, DT₉₀ range 155-697 days; field studies DT₅₀ range 10.2-24.2 days, DT₉₀ range 148.6-467.8

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

7.1

Note

Published literature RL₅₀ range 0.8-12.0 days, 4 field crops, various matrices, n=4

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

10.4

Note

Published literature RL₅₀ range 1.8-34.0 days, 4 field & undercover grown crops, various matrices, n=4

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

13.2

Moderately fast

Note

DT₅₀ 5.5 days continuous irradiation, 13.2 days equivalent solar days

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

64.8

Moderately persistent

Note

pH and temperature sensitive: stable at pH 4, DT₅₀ 64.8 days pH 7 and 25 °C, 8.4 days at pH 7 and 40 °C, 1.1 days at pH 9 and 25 °C, 0.2 days at pH 9 and 40 °C

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

18.7

Fast

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

10.4

Moderately fast

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

[Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus): 13.1 days @ 25 DegC; 19.8 days @ 4 DegC; 69.3 days @ -18 DegC; Lab study]

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

226

Non-mobile

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

50491

¹/_n

1.343

Notes and range

EU dossier K_f range 113-427 mL g⁻¹, K_foc range 5293-95918 mL g⁻¹, ¹/_n range 0.97-1.59, Soils=6

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

-0.86

Calculated

Low leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

5.35 X 10^-03

Calculated

Note

Estimated concentrations of chemicals with Koc values greater than 9995 ml g⁻¹ are beyond the scope of the regression data used in SCI-GROW development. If there are concerns for such chemicals, a higher tier groundwater exposure assessment should be considered, regardless of the concentration returned by SCI-GROW

Potential for particle bound transport index

Medium

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Non-mobile

Calculated

Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk

2.155

Calculated using the Atkinson method, 12 hr

Below the level of concern for long-range air transport

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

13964

High potential

CT₅₀ (days)

Not available

Known soil metabolites

Metabolite

Major/Minor fraction

$Click here for further information on Major/Minor fraction$

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Notes

tert-butylphenoxycyclohexanol

Major fraction

0.104

TBPC-sulfate

Minor fraction

0.076

Known groundwater metabolites

Metabolite

EC SANCO/221/2000 relevancy

ADI (mg kg⁻¹ bodyweight day⁻¹)

WHO drinking water guidance value (μg L⁻¹ day⁻¹)

TBPC-sulfate

Relevancy unknown

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference

Aliases

Formation medium / Rate

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

TBPC-diol

Mice (Faeces)

HOMe-TBPC

Rat

HOMe-TBPC-diol; Propargite metabolite M05

Rat (Urine, Faeces); Plant

carboxy-TBPC

Rat (Urine, Faeces)

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

2639

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

Rat

High

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 4640

Anas platyrhynchos

Low

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

378

Eisenia foetida

Moderate

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Soil micro-organisms

Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect
Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect

Dose: 6.4 kg ha⁻¹ 28 Day

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

> 2750

Tomato Cucumber Lettuce Soybean Ryegrass Onion
Vegetative vigour, ER₅₀
as g ha⁻¹

> 2750

Tomato Cucumber Lettuce Soybean Ryegrass Onion
Seedling emergence, ER₅₀
as g ha⁻¹

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

47.9

Apis mellifera

Moderate

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 100

Apis mellifera

Low

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

7.2

Aphidius rhopalosiphi

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

4.5

Typhlodromus pyri

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.043

Oncorhynchus mykiss

High

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.0057

Pimephales promelas

High

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 17.52

Danio rerio Eggs

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.014

Daphnia magna

High

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.009

Daphnia magna

High

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

320

Chironomus riparius

Low

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

633

Chironomus dilutus Growth

Low

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Lemna gibba

Low

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

> 1.08

Scenedesmus capricornutum

Moderate

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

2639

Rat

Low

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

4000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.8

Rat 4 hr (aerosol nose only)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.03

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.05

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

None allocated

Dermal penetration studies (%)

5-14

concentration dependent

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Small risk to bystanders identified

Occupational

No unacceptable risks to operators or other workers identified with PPE/PPC

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

0.1

EU Dir 89/778/EC limit; Calc MAC=15 µg l⁻¹

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Toxic via inhalation
May cause dermatitis
US EPA - probable human carcinogen

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not explosive or oxidising
Will decompose rapidly in the presence of strong acids or alkalis
Corrosive
IMDG Transport Hazard Class 9
Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable

CLP classification 2013

Health: H315, H318, H331, H351
Environment: H400, H410

WHO Classification

III (Slightly hazardous)

UN Number

UN3082

Waste disposal & packaging

Packaging Group III (minor danger)

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

Stability may be effected by light

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

propargite

French

propargite

German

Propargit

Danish

propargit

Italian

propargite

Spanish

propargita

Greek

propargite

Polish

propargit

Swedish

Hungarian

propargit

Dutch

propargite

Norwegian

Record last updated:	22/08/2024
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242