Tri-allate (Ref: CP 23426)

Tri-allate (Ref: CP 23426)	Last updated: 22/08/2024
(Also known as: triallate)

SUMMARY

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate High alert: Potential for particle bound transport: High	Ecotoxicity High alert: Daphnia acute ecotoxicity: High	Human health High alert: Mammals chronic toxicity: High

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A soil-acting, post-sowing, pre-emergence herbicide for control of wild oat and some annual grass weeds in cereal crops

Example pests controlled

Wild oats; Bromus species (suppression); Annual ryegrass; Annual meadowgrass; Blackgrass

Example applications

Cereals including barley, wheat, triticale; Chickpeas; Peas; Lentils; Linseed; Lupins; OSR; Safflower

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

1970, introduced

GB regulatory status

GB COPR regulatory status

Approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

31/12/2028

GB LERAP status

Crop over 5m - See Authorisation for Crop LERAP Details

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Netherlands/Czech Republic

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

31/03/2027

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Yes - two 'Persistent-Bioaccumulative-Toxic' criteria

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece
	✓
ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg
		✓			✓
LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia
		✓

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Also used in

Australia, Morocco

Chemical structure

Isomerism

None

Chemical formula

C₁₀H₁₆Cl₃NOS

Canonical SMILES

CC(C)N(C(C)C)C(=O)SCC(=C(Cl)Cl)Cl

Isomeric SMILES

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

MWBPRDONLNQCFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C10H16Cl3NOS/c1-6(2)14(7(3)4)10(15)16-5-8(11)9(12)13/h6-7H,5H2,1-4H3

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Herbicide

Substance groups

Thiocarbamate herbicide; Carbamate herbicide

Minimum active substance purity

940 g kg⁻¹

Known relevant impurities

EU dossier - Nitroso-diisopropylamine 0.02mg kg⁻¹

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Selective. Lipid synthesis inhibitor.

CAS RN

2303-17-5

EC number

218-962-7

CIPAC number

US EPA chemical code

078802

PubChem CID

5543

CLP index number

006-039-00-X

Molecular mass

304.7

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

S-(2,3,3-trichloroprop-2-en-1-yl) di(propan-2-yl)carbamothioate

IUPAC name

S-2,3,3-tricloroallyl di-isopropylthiocarbamate

CAS name

S-(2,3,3-trichloro-2-propenyl) bis(1-methylethyl)carbamothioate

Other status information

OSPAR soc; Potential groundwater contaminant

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

UK non-statutory standard for the protection of aquatic life: freshwater and saltwater annual average: 0.25 µg l⁻¹, max acceptable conc: 5 µg l⁻¹

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Avena fatua, Lolium rigidum

Physical state

White crystalline solid

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Gowan
Monsanto
FMC
BASF

Example products using this active

Avadex Excel
Avadex 15G
Far-Go

Formulation and application details

Often supplied as and emulsifiable concentrate, granules for incorporation into the soil or direct surface broadcast application.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

4.1

Low

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

500000

Acetone

500000

Ethanol

500000

Methanol

500000

Xylene

Melting point (°C)

33.5

Boiling point (°C)

279

Degradation point (°C)

260

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

1.15 X 10⁰⁴

Calculated

Log P

4.06

High

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Insoluble

Data type

Regulatory data

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.27

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Not applicable

No dissociation

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

Highly volatile. If applied directly to plants or soil, drift is a concern & mitigation is advisable

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

0.89

Moderately volatile

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

24 hr

From soil surface

29.7

24 hr

Volatilisation is potentially a concern for short and long range air transport

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

No absorption between 210 and 900nm recorded under basic, neutral or acidic conditions

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

49.0

at 20°C 90% soln

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

Moderately persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

58.3

Moderately persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

Moderately persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

198

Persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

224.7

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

EU dossier lab studies DT₅₀ range 35.1-75.2 days (normalised), DT₉₀ range 127-373 days; field studies DT₅₀ range 8-205 days, DT₉₀ range 27-682 days; Other sources: DT₅₀ 82 days (DW4)

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

Note

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Stable at pH 4 and pH 7, DT₅₀ 52 days at pH 9, all at 25 °C

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

57.4

Moderately fast

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

104

Stable

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

11.7

Slightly mobile

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

3034

Notes and range

Litrature data: K_d range 8.9-14.5 mL g⁻¹, K_oc range 2697-3370 mL g⁻¹, soils=2

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

55.0

Non-mobile

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

4301

¹/_n

0.94

Notes and range

EU dossier kf range 15.5-92.4 mL g⁻¹, K_foc range 2416-7399 mL g⁻¹, ¹/_n range 0.93-0.95

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

0.61

Calculated

Low leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

1.17 X 10^-02

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

High

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Slightly mobile

Calculated

Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk

3.85

Calculated using the Atkinson method. Assumed 1.5E+06 OH/cm³, 12 hr

Below the level of concern for long-range air transport

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

1400

Threshold for concern

CT₅₀ (days)

Not available

Known soil metabolites

Metabolite

Major/Minor fraction

$Click here for further information on Major/Minor fraction$

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Notes

2,3,3-trichloro-2-propene sulfonic acid

Minor fraction

0.074

Known groundwater metabolites

None

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference

Aliases

Formation medium / Rate

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

S-((2E)-2,3-dichloro-1-methoxyprop-2-en-1-yl)dipropan-2-ylcarbomothioate

tri-allate metabolite M16

Animal (Milk)

6-O-(carboxycarbonyl)-1-deoxy-1-((2,3,3-trichloro-2-propenyl)-sulfinyl)-D-glupyranoside

tri-allate metabolite M14

Plant

6-O-(carboxycarbonyl)-1-deoxy-1-((2,3,3-trichloro-2-propenyl)-sulfonyl)-D-glupyranoside

tri-allate metabolite M15

Plant

2,3,3-trichloroprop-2-ene-sulfinic acid

tri-allate metabolite M01

Animal

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

1100

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

3.9

Rat

High

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

7.7

Rat Reproductive NOAEL

High

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

1560

Colinus virginianus

Moderate

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

> 1208 mg kg bw⁻¹ day⁻¹

Anas platyrhynchos

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Colinus virginianus

Moderate

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 274.5

Eisenia foetida corr

Moderate

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

13.62

Eisenia foetida corr

Moderate

Soil micro-organisms

Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect
Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect

Dose: 11.25 kg ha⁻¹ 100 Day

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

639

Oats
Seedling emergence, EC₅₀
as g ha⁻¹

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 100

Apis mellifera

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 111.5

Apis mellifera

Low

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps)

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites)

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles) as % Mortality at dose 2.28 kg ha⁻¹

3.3

Poecilus cupreus

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.95

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.038

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.091

Daphnia magna

High

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.013

Daphnia magna Reproduction

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

1.0

Chironomus riparius 2 day

Moderate

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

0.583

Chironomus riparius Emergence

Moderate

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

2.3

Lemna gibba

Moderate

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

0.0022

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

High

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

0.032

Unknown species

Moderate

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

Marine bivalves – Acute EC₅₀ development (mg l⁻¹)

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

1100

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

5000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 5.3

Rat 4 hr (whole body aerosol)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.025

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.6

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.032

SF=100

Dermal penetration studies (%)

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Acceptable risk to bystanders from spray drift and vapour

Occupational

Acceptable risks for operators
Negligible risk to other workers

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Liver, spleen and kidney toxicant
US EPA - possible human carcinogen

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not explosive or oxidising
IMDG Transport Hazard Class 6.1
Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable

CLP classification 2013

Health: H302, H317, H373
Environment: H400, H410

WHO Classification

III (Slightly hazardous)

UN Number

UN2771

Waste disposal & packaging

Packaging Group III (minor danger)

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

tri-allate

French

triallate

German

Triallat

Danish

tri-allate

Italian

triallate

Spanish

trialato

Greek

Polish

tri-allat

Swedish

Hungarian

Dutch

triallaat

Norwegian

Record last updated:	22/08/2024
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242