Pyraflufen-ethyl (Ref: ET 751)

Pyraflufen-ethyl (Ref: ET 751)	Last updated: 24/07/2024
(Also known as: NH 9301)

SUMMARY

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate Moderate alert: Drainflow: Slightly mobile; Potential for particle bound transport: Medium	Ecotoxicity High alert: Fish chronic ecotoxicity: High	Human health High alert: Reproduction/development effects

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A herbicide used to control broad-leaved weeds and grasses in crops

Example pests controlled

Black nightshade; Clover; Dandelion; Cleavers; Groundsel; Fat hen; Field bindweed; Field pansy; Knotgrass; Shepherd's purse; Volunteer OSR

Example applications

Potatoes; Vines; Non-cropped areas; Turf

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

1993, first reported; 1999, first introduced

GB regulatory status

GB COPR regulatory status

Approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

31/03/2031

GB LERAP status

Check label - may vary with formulation

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Netherlands/Lithuania

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

31/03/2031

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece
✓	✓	✓		✓	✓			✓
ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg
✓		✓		✓	✓			✓
LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia
		✓	✓	✓	✓

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Also used in

Australia

Chemical structure

Isomerism

None

Chemical formula

C₁₃H₉Cl₂F₃N₂O₄

Canonical SMILES

CCOC(=O)COC1=C(C=C(C(=C1)C2=NN(C(=C2Cl)OC(F)F)C)F)Cl

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

APTZNLHMIGJTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C15H13Cl2F3N2O4/c1-3-24-11(23)6-25-10-4-7(9(18)5-8(10)16)13-12(17)14(22(2)21-13)26-15(19)20/h4-5,15H,3,6H2,1-2H3

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Herbicide, Dessicant

Substance groups

Phenylpyrazole herbicide

Minimum active substance purity

956 g kg⁻¹

Known relevant impurities

EU dossier - None declared

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Selective with contact action. Inhibition of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) - cell membrane disruption

CAS RN

129630-19-9

EC number

603-347-1

CIPAC number

605.202

US EPA chemical code

030090

PubChem CID

182951

CLP index number

613-203-00-X

Molecular mass

413.18

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

IUPAC name

ethyl 2-chloro-5-(4-chloro-5-difluoromethoxy-1-methylpyrazol-3-yl)-4-fluorophenoxyacetate

CAS name

ethyl [2-chloro-5-[4-chloro-5-(difluoromethoxy)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-4-fluorophenoxy]acetate

Other status information

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

Cream powder

Related substances & organisms

pyraflufen acid

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Certis
Nichino Europe
Sipcam Pacific Australia Pty. Limited

Example products using this active

OS-169
Quickdown
Thunderbolt
Sledge

Formulation and application details

Usually supplied as an emulsifiable concentrate

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

0.082

Low

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

234

n-Heptane

7390

Methanol

175000

Acetone

107000

Ethyl acetate

Melting point (°C)

126.8

Boiling point (°C)

Decomposes before boiling

Degradation point (°C)

240

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

3.09 X 10⁰³

Calculated

Log P

3.49

High

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Insoluble

Data type

Regulatory data - studies found only a trace level of residues in fat

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.57

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Not applicable

No dissociation

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

4.30 X 10^-06

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

2.20 X 10^-05

Non-volatile

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

From soil surface

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

203nm = 28700, 243nm = 12800, 291nm = 5900, No further maxima between 291 and 700nm

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

0.32

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

0.32

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

1.2

Non-persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

3.6

Non-persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

4.0

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

EU dossier lab studies: DT₅₀ range 0.22-0.41 days, DT₉₀ range 0.73-10.4 days; Field studies DT₅₀ range 0.4-1.4 days, DT₉₀ range 0.9-13.1 days

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

Note

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

1.4

Moderately fast

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

13.1

Non-persistent

Note

pH sensitive: Stable at pH 4, rapid at pH 9

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

0.1

Fast

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

0.1

Fast

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

Slightly mobile

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

1949

Notes and range

EU dossier K_oc estimated value

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

¹/_n

Notes and range

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

0.06

Calculated

Low leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

2.02 X 10^-04

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Medium

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Slightly mobile

Calculated

Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk

3.0

Calculated using the Atkinson method. Assumed 1.5E+06 OH/cm³, 12 hr

Below the level of concern for long-range air transport

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

CT₅₀ (days)

Known soil metabolites

Metabolite

Major/Minor fraction

$Click here for further information on Major/Minor fraction$

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Notes

pyraflufen acid (Ref: T-5067)

Major fraction

0.940

2-chloro-5-(4-chloro-5-difluoromethoxy-1-methylpyrazol-3-yl)-4-fluorophenol

Major fraction

0.190

4-chloro-3-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxyphenyl)-5-difluoromethoxy-1-methylpyrazole

Major fraction

0.690

Known groundwater metabolites

None

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference

Aliases

Formation medium / Rate

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

2-chloro-5-(4-chloro-5-difluoromethoxylpyrazole-3yl)-4-fluorophenoxyacetic acid

pyrafluthren-ethyl metabolite E-9

Rat; Plant

ethyl 2-chloro-5-(4-chloro-5-difluoromethoxylpyrazole-3yl)-4-fluorophenoxyacetate

pyrafluthren-ethyl metabolite E-8

Rat

2-chloro-5-(4-chloro-5-difluoromethoxylpyrazole-3yl)-4-fluorophenol

pyrafluthren-ethyl metabolite E-10

Rat

4-chloro-3-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxyphenyl)-5-difluoromethoxylpyrazole

pyrafluthren-ethyl metabolite E-11

Rat

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

Rat 2 yr

(ppm diet)

> 2000

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

> 721

Rat Reproductive NOAEL

Low

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 2000

Colinus virginianus

Low

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

> 5000 mg kg feed⁻¹

Colinus virginianus

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Anas platyrhynchos

Moderate

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 500

Eisenia foetida corr

Moderate

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

>= 250

Eisenia foetida corr

Low

Soil micro-organisms

Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect
Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect

Dose: 0.1 kg ha⁻¹

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 100

Apis mellifera

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 111.99

Apis mellifera

Low

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings) as % Mortality at dose 42.4 g ha⁻¹

-6.5

Chrysoperla carnea

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps) as Mortality LR₅₀ gt/ha

< 42.4

Aphidius rhopalosiphi

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

< 42.4

Typhlodromus pyri

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 0.100

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.0034

Pimephales promelas 35 day

High

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.077

Danio rerio EC₅₀ Embryo

High

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 0.100

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

100

Daphnia magna

Low

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

0.054

Chironomus riparius 21 day

Moderate

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

0.0026

Lemna gibba

High

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

0.00023

Raphidocelis subcapitata

High

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

Marine bivalves – Acute EC₅₀ development (mg l⁻¹)

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

2000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

5.03

Rat 4 hr (nose only)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.2

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.2

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.1

Dermal penetration studies (%)

4-56.0

concentration dependent

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

List II

Exposure Routes

Public

No unacceptable risks to bystanders identified

Occupational

No unacceptable risks to operators or other workers identified

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

No data found

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Possible kidney, liver and blood toxicant
US EPA - likely to be human carcinogen

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Corrosive
Not explosive or oxidising
Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable

CLP classification 2013

Environment: H400, H410

WHO Classification

Not listed (Not listed)

UN Number

Waste disposal & packaging

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

pyraflufen-ethyl

French

pyraflufen-ethyl

German

Pyraflufen-ethyl

Danish

pyraflufen-ethyl

Italian

piraflufen-etil

Spanish

piraflufen-etil

Greek

pyraflufen-ethyl

Polish

pyraflufen etylu

Swedish

Hungarian

piraflufen-etil

Dutch

pyraflufen-ethyl

Norwegian

Record last updated:	24/07/2024
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242