Propaquizafop (Ref: CGA 233380)

Propaquizafop (Ref: CGA 233380)	Last updated: 24/07/2024
(Not known by any other names)

SUMMARY

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate Moderate alert: Moderately persistent; GUS: Transition state; Drainflow: Moderately mobile; Potential for particle bound transport: Medium	Ecotoxicity Moderate alert: Birds chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Bees acute oral ecotoxicity: Moderate; Earthworms acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Earthworms chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate	Human health Moderate alert: Mammals chronic toxicity: Moderate; Possible Carcinogen; Genotoxic; Reproduction/development effects

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A post-emergence herbicide used to control annual grass weeds and volunteer cereals in a range of crops

Example pests controlled

Wild oats; Sweet signal grass; Couch grass; Grabgrass; Goose grass; Common buffalo grass; Italian ryegrass

Example applications

Sugarbeet; Oilsed rape; Soybean; Sunflower; Vegetables; Fruit; Potatoes

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

circa 1991, introduced

GB regulatory status

GB COPR regulatory status

Approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

30/11/2029

GB LERAP status

Crop 5m - See Authorisation for Crop LERAP Details

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Austria/Estonia

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

28/02/2027

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece
✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg
✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓		✓	✓
LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia
✓			✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway
	✓

Additional information

Also used in

Australia

Chemical structure

Isomerism

Isomeric

Chemical formula

C₂₂H₂₂ClN₃O₅

Canonical SMILES

CC(C(=O)OCCON=C(C)C)OC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC2=CN=C3C=C(C=CC3=N2)Cl

Isomeric SMILES

C[C@H](C(=O)OCCON=C(C)C)OC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC2=CN=C3C=C(C=CC3=N2)Cl

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

FROBCXTULYFHEJ-OAHLLOKOSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C22H22ClN3O5/c1-14(2)26-29-11-10-28-22(27)15(3)30-17-5-7-18(8-6-17)31-21-13-24-20-12-16(23)4-9-19(20)25-21/h4-9,12-13,15H,10-11H2,1-3H3

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Herbicide

Substance groups

Aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicide

Minimum active substance purity

Known relevant impurities

EU dossier - toluene <5 g kg⁻¹

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Systemic, absorbed by foliage and roots and translocated. Acetyl CoA carboxylase inhibitor (ACCase) - distrupts fatty acid biosynthesis and lipid formation.

CAS RN

111479-05-1

EC number

601-099-9

CIPAC number

713

US EPA chemical code

PubChem CID

16213016

CLP index number

No data found

Molecular mass

443.88

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

IUPAC name

2-isopropylideneaminooxyethyl (R)-2-[4-(6-chloroquinoxalin-2-yloxy)phenoxy]propionate

CAS name

2-[[(1-methylethylidene)amino]oxy]ethyl (2R)-2-[4-[(6-chloro-2-quinoxalinyl)oxy]phenoxy]propanoate

Other status information

OSPAR soc

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Alopecurus myosuroides, Brachiaria plantaginea, Eleusine indica

Physical state

Off-white coloured powder

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Adama
AgriGuard
Greencrop
Makhteshim-Agan
Standon
Teliton
Cropnosys India Private Limited

Example products using this active

Falcon
Shogun
Zealot
Agil 100EC
Longhorn

Formulation and application details

Often supplied as emulsifiable concentrates that are mixed with water and used as a spray

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

0.63

Low

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

500000

Acetone

100000

Chloroform

76000

Methanol

500000

Toluene

Melting point (°C)

66.3

Boiling point (°C)

Decomposes before boiling

Degradation point (°C)

260

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

6.03 X 10⁰⁴

Calculated

Log P

4.78

High

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Data type

Density (g ml⁻¹)

0.96

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Not applicable

No dissociation between pH 4 and pH 9

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

4.39 X 10^-07

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

9.20 X 10^-08

Non-volatile

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

Negligible

24 hr

From soil surface

0.1

24 hr

Volatilisation is not considered critical for air pollution

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Neutral solution: 235.0nm = 30500, 334.0nm = 5850
Acidic solution: 235.0nm = 30000, 334.0nm = 5810
Basic solution: 235.0nm = 29700, 334.0 nm = 5790
No absorbance found between 400 and 750nm

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

53.5-55.4

at 20°C

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

2.1

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

1.3

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

Moderately persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

2.2

Non-persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

EU dossier lab study DT₅₀ 0.09 to <3days, field studies DT₅₀ range 15-215 days, DT₉₀ range 2-56 days; Other field studies DT₅₀ range 15-26 days for spring applications

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

Note

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Data for seasonal average at 50 deg N. No difference between light and dark conditions.

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Moderately persistent

Note

pH sensitive: DT₅₀ 10.5 days at pH 5, 12.9 hours at pH 9

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Fast

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Fast

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

5.79

Moderately mobile

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

411.3

¹/_n

0.85

Notes and range

EU dossier K_f range 2.36-9.29 mL g⁻¹, K_foc range 347-472 mL g⁻¹, ¹/_n range 0.822-0.880, Soils=4

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

2.67

Calculated

Transition state

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

2.05 X 10^-01

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Medium

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Moderately mobile

Calculated

Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk

14.4

Calculated using the Atkinson method. Assumed 1.5E+06 OH/cm³, 12 hr

Below the level of concern for long-range air transport

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

583

Whole fish

Threshold for concern

CT₅₀ (days)

Not available

Known soil metabolites

Metabolite

Major/Minor fraction

$Click here for further information on Major/Minor fraction$

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Notes

quizalofop (Ref: CGA 287422)

Major fraction

0.879

Adama verified

hydroxy quizalofop (Ref: CGA 294972)

Major fraction

0.326

Adama verified

dihydroxy quinoxaline (Ref: CGA 294970)

Major fraction

0.137

Adama verified

hydroxy quinoxaline

Minor fraction

0.088

Adama verified

quizalofop-phenol

Minor fraction

0.057

Transient metabolite

quizalofop-phenol

Major fraction (photolysis)

0.329

Photolysis; Adama verified

Known groundwater metabolites

Metabolite

EC SANCO/221/2000 relevancy

ADI (mg kg⁻¹ bodyweight day⁻¹)

WHO drinking water guidance value (μg L⁻¹ day⁻¹)

quizalofop (Ref: CGA 287422)

Relevancy unknown

hydroxy quizalofop (Ref: CGA 294972)

Relevancy unknown

hydroxy quinoxaline

Relevancy unknown

dihydroxy quinoxaline (Ref: CGA 294970)

Relevancy unknown

quizalofop-phenol

Relevancy unknown

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference

Aliases

Formation medium / Rate

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

2-[4-(6-chloroquinoxalin-2-yloxy)phenol]

quizalofop-phenol

Plant

(R)-2-[4-(6-chloro-3-hydroxyquinoxalin-2-yloxy)phenoxy]propionic acid

hydroxy-quizalofop-phenol

Plant

6-chloroquinoxalin-2-ol

hydroxyquinoxaline

Plant

6-chloroquinoxaline-2,3-diol

dihydroxy-quinoxaline

Water; Sediment

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

6.25

Rat

High

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Rat Reproductive NOAEL

Moderate

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 2000

Colinus virginianus

Low

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

> 827 mg kg bw⁻¹ day⁻¹

Anas platyrhynchos

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

≥ 20.2

Colinus virginianus NOEC

Moderate

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 500

Eisenia foetida corr

Moderate

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

1.95

Eisenia foetida corr

Moderate

Soil micro-organisms

Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect
Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect

Dose: 2.0 mg kg⁻¹ soil 28 Day

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

2.7

Folsomia candida corr

Non-target plants

> 400

Lettuce OSR Carrot Oat
Vegetative vigour, ER₅₀
as g ha⁻¹

> 400

Lettuce OSR Carrot Oat
Seedling emergence, ER₅₀
as g ha⁻¹

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 200

Apis mellifera

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 20

Apis mellifera

Moderate

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds) as % Mortality at dose 200 g ha⁻¹

Coccinella septempunctata corr

Beneficial insects (Lacewings) as % Mortality at diose 200 g ha⁻¹

Chrysoperla carnea corr

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

< 150

Aphidius rhopalosiphi

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

200

Typhlodromus pyri

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles) as % Mortality at dose 200 g ha⁻¹

3.0

Poecilus cupreus corr

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.19

Cyprinus carpio

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.019

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 0.9

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.44

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

> 1.4

Lemna gibba

Moderate

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

> 2.1

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

Moderate

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

> 2.1

Unknown species

Low

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

Marine bivalves – Acute EC₅₀ development (mg l⁻¹)

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

2000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 2.5

Rat 4 hr

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.015

Mouse SF=100

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

None allocated

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.04

Mouse SF=100

Dermal penetration studies (%)

default

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Acceptable for bystanders considering the proposed uses
Low risk for consumers

Occupational

Acceptable for proposed uses - PPE/PPC advised

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

0.1

EU Dir 89/778/EC limit; Calc MAC=45.0 µg l⁻¹

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

No data found

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

No further information available

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not explosive or oxidising
IMDG Transport Hazard Class 9
Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable

CLP classification 2013

Health: H317, H332
Environment: H410, H410
Limited and weak evidence of carcinogenicity

WHO Classification

U (Unlikely to present an acute hazard)

UN Number

UN3077

Waste disposal & packaging

Packaging Group III (minor danger)

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

propaquizafop

French

propaquizafop

German

Propaquizafop

Danish

propaquizafop

Italian

propaquizafop

Spanish

propaquizafop

Greek

Polish

propakwizafop

Swedish

propakizafop

Hungarian

propaquizafop

Dutch

Norwegian

propakvizafop

Record last updated:	24/07/2024
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242