Prochloraz (Ref: BTS 40542)

Prochloraz (Ref: BTS 40542)	Last updated: 14/06/2024
(Also known as: AE B080109; poraz)

SUMMARY

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate High alert: Potential for particle bound transport: High	Ecotoxicity Moderate alert: Birds acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Birds chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Earthworms acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Earthworms chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate	Human health High alert: Endocrine disrupter; Reproduction/development effects

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A fungicide active against a wide range of diseases affecting cereals, field crops, fruit and many other crops

Example pests controlled

Anthracnose; Dothiorella complex; Stem-end rot; Eyespot

Example applications

Fruit; Field crops; Turf; Avocados; Mangoes; Cereals including wheat, barley, winter rye, winter oilseed rape

Efficacy & activity

Wheat/Eyespot=Moderate; Wheat/Mildew=Low; Wheat/Septoria=Low; Wheat/Rust=Low; Barley/Net blotch=Low

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

1977, first reported

GB regulatory status

GB COPR regulatory status

Approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

31/12/2026

GB LERAP status

Check label - may vary with formulation

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Not approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Belgium/Denmark

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

Expired

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Not applicable

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Also used in

Morocco

Chemical structure

Isomerism

None

Chemical formula

C₁₅H₁₆Cl₃N₃O₂

Canonical SMILES

CCCN(CCOC1=C(C=C(C=C1Cl)Cl)Cl)C(=O)N2C=CN=C2

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

TVLSRXXIMLFWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C15H16Cl3N3O2/c1-2-4-20(15(22)21-5-3-19-10-21)6-7-23-14-12(17)8-11(16)9-13(14)18/h3,5,8-10H,2,4,6-7H2,1H3

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Fungicide

Substance groups

Amide fungicide; Conazole fungicide

Minimum active substance purity

>960 g kg⁻¹

Known relevant impurities

EU dossier - Dioxans & furans <0.1 mg kg⁻¹

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Broad-spectrum with protectant and eradicant properties. Disrupts membrane function.

CAS RN

67747-09-5

EC number

266-994-5

CIPAC number

407

US EPA chemical code

128851

PubChem CID

73665

CLP index number

613-128-00-2

Molecular mass

376.7

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

IUPAC name

N-propyl-N-[2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethyl]imidazole-1-carboxamide

CAS name

N-propyl-N-(2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethyl)-1H-imidazole-1-carboxamide

Other status information

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

UK non-statutory standard for the protection of aquatic life: freshwater and saltwater annual average: 4 µg l⁻¹; max acceptable conc: 40 µg l⁻¹

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

Colourless to white crystals

Related substances & organisms

prochloraz manganese chloride complex

prochloraz manganese complex

prochloraz copper complex

prochloraz zinc complex

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

AgriGuard
Bayer CropScience
BASF
Makhteshim-Agan
Nufarm
FBC

Example products using this active

Alpha Prochloraz
Poraz
Grail
Omega

Formulation and application details

Often supplied as emulsifiable concentrates or wettable powder

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

26.5

Low

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

600000

Ethyl acetate

600000

Acetone

7500

Hexane

600000

Methanol

Melting point (°C)

48.3

Boiling point (°C)

Decomposes before boiling

Degradation point (°C)

220

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

3.16 X 10⁰³

Calculated

Log P

3.5

High

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Soluble

Data type

Regulatory data - residue levels significantly higher in fat than muscle observed in metabolism and farm animal feeding studies

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.42

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

3.8

Weak base

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

0.15

Low volatility. If applied directly to plants, drift is a concern & mitigation is advisable

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

1.64 X 10^-03

Non-volatile

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

14.4

24 hr

Volatilisation is not considered critical for air pollution

From soil surface

0.8

24 hr

Volatilisation is not considered critical for air pollution

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Neutral soluton: 300nm = 103
Acidic solution: 300nm = 23
Basic solution: 300nm = 58

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

53.07

at 20°C

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

120

Persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

223.6

Persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

68.8

Moderately persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

641

Very persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

1124

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

EU dossier lab studies DT₅₀ range 22.1-936.1 days (normalised), DT₉₀ range 90.8-2060 days; field study DT₅₀ range 28.6-245 days (normalised), DT₉₀ range 55-7545 days

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

5.6

Note

Published literature RL₅₀ range 2.8-14.0 days, 4 field crops, various matrices, n=1

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

1.5

Moderately fast

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Stable at pH 5 and pH 7, DT₅₀ 78.9 days at pH 9, all at 22 °C

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

359

Slow

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

2.0

Moderately fast

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

Slightly mobile

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

500

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

38.0

Slightly mobile

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

1440

¹/_n

0.81

Notes and range

EU dossier kf range 15.6-130 mL g⁻¹, K_foc range 1222-8654 mL g⁻¹, ¹/_n range 0.76-0.86, Soils=10

pH sensitivity

Less adsorption under alkaline conditions

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

1.55

Calculated

Low leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

4.31 X 10^-02

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

High

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Slightly mobile

Calculated

Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk

4.93

Calculated using the Atkinson method. Assumed 0.5E+06 OH/cm³, 24 hr

Below the level of concern for long-range air transport

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

371

Threshold for concern

CT₅₀ (days)

3.4

Known soil metabolites

Metabolite

Major/Minor fraction

$Click here for further information on Major/Minor fraction$

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Notes

1-propyl-1-[2-(2,4,6 -trichlorophenoxy)ethyl]urea (Ref: BTS 44595)

Minor fraction

0.063

DT50 soil = 303 days

methyl N-propyl-N-[2-(2,4,6-trichloro-phenoxy) -ethyl] carbamate (Ref: M590F040)

Minor fraction

0.077

N-propyl-N-2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)-ethylamine (Ref: BTS 40348)

Major fraction

0.139

imidazole

Minor fraction

0.026

N-formyl-N'-propyl-N'-2(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethylurea (Ref: BTS 44596)

Major fraction

0.128

Known groundwater metabolites

None

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference

Aliases

Formation medium / Rate

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Ref: BTS 19036
Note: Rat LD50 >800 mg/kg

Rat

Ref: BTS 9608

Rat (Urine)

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

1023

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

14.89

Rat NOAEL

Moderate

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

662

Colinus virginianus

Moderate

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

> 1580 mg kg bw⁻¹ day⁻¹

Colinus virginianus

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

33.1

Colinus virginianus NOEC

Moderate

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 500

Eisenia foetida corr

Moderate

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

4.2

Eisenia foetida corr

Moderate

Soil micro-organisms

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

100

Folsomia candida corr

Non-target plants

> 1.0

Oats in crop
Vegetative vigour, ER₅₀
as L product/ ha (BAS 590 00F)

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

141.3

Apis mellifera

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 101

Apis mellifera

Low

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

> 900

Coccinella septempunctata

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹ 48 hr

85.1

Aphidius rhopalosiphi Adult

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹ 7 day

44.3

Typhlodromus pyri Adult

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles) as % Mortality at dose 69.3 g ha⁻¹

Poecilus cupreus as copper complex

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

1.5

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.049

Pimephales promelas 36 day

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

13.51

Danio rerio Embryo

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

4.3

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.022

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.77

Americamysis bahia

Moderate

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

>= 0.8

Chironomus riparius

Moderate

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

>= 8.96

Chironomus riparius

Moderate

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

0.171

Lemna gibba

Moderate

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

> 0.0055

Scenedesmus subspicatus

High

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

0.01

Unknown species

Moderate

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

Marine bivalves – Acute EC₅₀ development (mg l⁻¹)

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

1023

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

2100

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 2.16

Rat 4 hr (whole body)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.01

Dog SF=100

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.025

Rat SF=100

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.02

Dog SF=100

Dermal penetration studies (%)

1.2-3.2

concentration dependent

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

No unacceptable risks to bystanders identified

Occupational

No unacceptable risks to operators or other workers identified

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

0.1

EU Dir 89/778/EC limit; Calc MAC=30 µg l⁻¹

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Extensively metabolised in animals, the main route of excretion is via the urine

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Possible liver toxicant
US EPA - possible human carcinogen
Endocrine issues - Activation of Pregnane X cellular receptor

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not explosive or oxidising
IMDG Transport Hazard Class 9
Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable

CLP classification 2013

Health: H302
Environment: H400, H410

WHO Classification

II (Moderately hazardous)

UN Number

UN3077

Waste disposal & packaging

Contain/absorb spillage in suitable inert, absorbent material. Transfer to heavy duty plastic drums. Dispose in approved manner
Packaging Group III (minor danger)

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

prochloraz

French

prochloraz

German

Prochloraz

Danish

prochloraz

Italian

procloraz

Spanish

procloraz

Greek

Polish

prochloraz

Swedish

prokloraz

Hungarian

prokloraz

Dutch

Norwegian

Record last updated:	14/06/2024
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242