Metiram (Ref: BAS 222F)

Metiram (Ref: BAS 222F)	Last updated: 29/08/2024
(Also known as: carbatene; metirame; zinc metiram ; polyram; FMC 9102)

SUMMARY

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate Moderate alert: Potential for particle bound transport: Medium	Ecotoxicity High alert: Daphnia chronic ecotoxicity: High	Human health Moderate alert: Possible Carcinogen; Reproduction/development effects

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A fungicide used to control a wide range of fungal diseases including damping-off

Example pests controlled

Scab; Downey mildew; Blight

Example applications

Top fruit; Grapes; Potatoes; Tomatoes; Onion & garlic; Celeriac; Cucubits; Lettuce; Field crops; Herbs; Ornamentals; Asparagus; Cotton

Efficacy & activity

Efficiacy has been demonstrated by its long-term and extensive use in the EU and many other countries as well as via field trials

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

1958, introduced Germany

GB regulatory status

GB COPR regulatory status

Approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

31/01/2029

GB LERAP status

No data

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Not approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Italy

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece
✓	✓				✓			✓
ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg
		✓		✓		✓		✓
LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia
			✓	✓			✓	✓

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Also used in

Australia

Chemical structure

Isomerism

None

Chemical formula

(C₁₆H₃₃N₁₁S₁₆Zn₃)x

Canonical SMILES

C(CNC(=S)[S-])NC(=S)S.C(CNC(=S)[S-])NC(=S)S.[NH2-].[Zn]

Isomeric SMILES

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

VHQATEKXKUZBLS-UHFFFAOYSA-L

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C4H8N2S4.H3N.Zn/c7-3(8)5-1-2-6-4(9)10;;/h1-2H2,(H2,5,7,8)(H2,6,9,10);1H3;/q;;+2/p-2

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Fungicide

Substance groups

Carbamate fungicide; Dithiocarbamate fungicide; Organometal compound; Organozinc fungicide

Minimum active substance purity

840 g kg⁻¹

Known relevant impurities

EU dossier - ethylene thiourea my not be toxicologically relevant

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Broad spectrum, non-systemic with protective action. Multi-site activity.

CAS RN

9006-42-2

Alternative/old CAS RN

9063-14-3

EC number

618-430-8

CIPAC number

478

US EPA chemical code

014601

PubChem CID

No data

CLP index number

No data found

Molecular mass

(1088.6)x

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

IUPAC name

zinc ammoniate ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) - poly(ethylenethiuram disulfide)

CAS name

metiram

Other status information

Marine pollutant

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

M03

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

Yellow powder

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

BASF
FMC
BOC Sciences

Example products using this active

Carbatene
Polyram
Polyram-Combi

Formulation and application details

Usually supplied as a wettable powder

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

Low

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

100

Methanol

100

Acetone

100

Toluene

100

Ethyl acetate

Melting point (°C)

156

Boiling point (°C)

Decomposes before boiling

Degradation point (°C)

156

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

2.14 X 10⁰⁰

Calculated

Log P

0.33

Low

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Insoluble

Data type

Regulatory data - studies showed no indication of residue accumulation in fatty tissues

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.86

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Not applicable

No dissociation

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

7.4 X 10^-05

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

4.0 X 10^-05

Non-volatile

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

From soil surface

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

259nm = 64000, 281nm = 48000, 29 nm = 30000

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

71.8

at 20°C

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

1.3

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

1.3

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

Non-persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

4.7

Non-persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

EU 2017 dossier lab studies DT₅₀ (normalised) range 0.5-2.2 days, DT₉₀ range 1.7-17.3 days, Soils=5, EU 2001 Dossier field studies DT₅₀ ~7days, DT₉₀ <14 days; Other sources: 20 days (DW4)

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

Note

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

0.3

Fast

Note

6.3 hours in continuous irradiation, 0.6 days central Europe scenario, March

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

0.1

Non-persistent

Note

pH sensitive

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

0.2

Fast

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

0.4

Fast

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

8800

Non-mobile

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

903012

Notes and range

EU 2017 dossier K_d range 4553-11891 mL g⁻¹, K_oc range 393044-1801689mL g⁻¹, Soils=5

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

¹/_n

Notes and range

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

-1.65

Calculated

Low leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

5.35 X 10^-03

Calculated

Note

Estimated concentrations of chemicals with Koc values greater than 9995 ml g⁻¹ are beyond the scope of the regression data used in SCI-GROW development. If there are concerns for such chemicals, a higher tier groundwater exposure assessment should be considered, regardless of the concentration returned by SCI-GROW

Potential for particle bound transport index

Medium

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Non-mobile

Calculated

Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk

0.72

Calculated using the Atkinson method, 12 hr

Below the level of concern for long-range air transport

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

3.2

Low potential

CT₅₀ (days)

Not available

Known soil metabolites

Metabolite

Major/Minor fraction

$Click here for further information on Major/Minor fraction$

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Notes

etem

Major fraction

0.257

ethylene urea

Minor fraction

0.069

2,3,7,8-tetrahydroiimidazo(2.1-b:1',2'-e)(1,3,5)thiadizine-5-thione

Major fraction

0.135

pyributicarb (Ref: TSH-888)

ethylenethiourea

Major fraction

0.112

Known groundwater metabolites

None

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference

Aliases

Formation medium / Rate

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

hydantoin

Water

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

> 50

Rat

High

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 2150

Colinus virginianus

Low

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

853 mg kg bw⁻¹ day⁻¹

Colinus virginianus

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 1000

Low

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

> 23.3

Eisenia foetida 56 day

Moderate

Soil micro-organisms

Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect
Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect

Dose: 48 kg ha⁻¹

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 80

Apis mellifera

Moderate

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 80

Apis mellifera

Moderate

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 400

Bombus terrestris

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 374

Bombus terrestris

Low

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps) as % Mortality at dose 4 kg ha⁻¹

Aphidius rhopalosiphi Adult

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites) as % Mortality at dose 0.7 kg ha⁻¹

100

Typhlodromus pyri

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.336

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.022

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.584

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.0043

Daphnia magna

High

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 144

Chironomus tentans

Low

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

0.221

Chironomus tentans

Moderate

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

21.6

Chironomus tentans

Moderate

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

> 0.517

Lemna gibba

Moderate

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

0.191

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

Moderate

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

Marine bivalves – Acute EC₅₀ development (mg l⁻¹)

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

2000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 5.7

Rat 4 hr (nose only)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.03

Rat SF=100

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

None allocated

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

None allocated

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.016

Dog SF=100

Dermal penetration studies (%)

0.2-3.0

concentration dependent

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

List II

Exposure Routes

Public

Occupational

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

General human health issues

US EPA - probable human carcinogen
Possible thyroid toxicant

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not explosive or oxidising
Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable
IMDG Transport Hazard Class 6.1

CLP classification 2013

Health: H317
Environment: H400, H410

WHO Classification

U (Unlikely to present an acute hazard)

UN Number

UN2757

Waste disposal & packaging

Packaging Group III (minor danger)

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

Limited shelf-life. Store at 0-6 DegC

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

metiram

French

métirame zinc

German

Metiram

Danish

metiram

Italian

metiram

Spanish

metiram

Greek

Polish

metiram

Swedish

Hungarian

metiram

Dutch

Norwegian

Record last updated:	29/08/2024
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242