Fenoxycarb (Ref: OMS 3010)

Fenoxycarb (Ref: OMS 3010)	Last updated: 31/10/2024
(Also known as: CGA 114597)

SUMMARY

Fenoxycarb is an insect specific, carbamate growth regulator used to control moths, scale insects and other insects on fruit, vines and ornamentals. It has a low aqueous toxicity and is not considered to be volatile. It tends not to be persistent in soil systems but may be much more persistent in water systems depending upon local conditions. Based on its physico-chemical properties, fenoxycarb is not expected to leach to groundwater. Toxicity to biodiversity is low to moderate with the exceptions of algae, aquatic invertebrates and sediment-dwelling organisms where the risks are higher. Toxicity to humans via the oral route is low and there are concerns that the substance may be an endocrine disrupter.

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate Moderate alert: Drainflow: Slightly mobile; Potential for particle bound transport: Medium	Ecotoxicity High alert: Daphnia chronic ecotoxicity: High	Human health High alert: Endocrine disrupter

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

An insect specific growth regulator used to control moths, scale insects and other insects on fruit, vines and ornamentals

Example pests controlled

Fire ants; Fleas; Mosquitoes; Coachroach; Lepidoptera moths; Scale insects

Example applications

Olives; Vines; Cotton; Various fruits; Stored produce; Ornamentals; Turf

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

1981, first reported; 1985, first marketed

GB regulatory status

GB COPR regulatory status

Not approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

Withdrawn

GB LERAP status

No data

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Not approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Netherlands/Spain

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

Expired

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Also used in

Australia, USA

Chemical structure

Isomerism

None

Chemical formula

C₁₇H₁₉NO₄

Canonical SMILES

CCOC(=O)NCCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC2=CC=CC=C2

Isomeric SMILES

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

HJUFTIJOISQSKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C17H19NO4/c1-2-20-17(19)18-12-13-21-14-8-10-16(11-9-14)22-15-6-4-3-5-7-15/h3-11H,2,12-13H2,1H3,(H,18,19)

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams

Common Name	Relationship	Link
fenoxycarb	-

General status

Pesticide type

Insecticide, Other substance

Other bioactivity & uses

Biocide, Wood preservative

Substance groups

Carbamate insecticide

Minimum active substance purity

960 g kg⁻¹

Known relevant impurities

EU dossier - Toluene <1g kg⁻¹

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Non-neurotoxic with contact and stomach action, acts by mimicing the action of the juvenile hormone keeping the insect in an immature state

CAS RN

79127-80-3

Alternative/old CAS RN

72490-01-8

EC number

276-696-7

CIPAC number

425

US EPA chemical code

125301

PubChem CID

51605

CLP index number

006-086-00-6

Molecular mass

301.34

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

ethyl [2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethyl]carbamate

IUPAC name

ethyl 2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethylcarbamate

CAS name

ethyl (2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethyl)carbamate

Other status information

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Cydia pomonella

Physical state

White flaky powder

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Syngenta
Maag

Example products using this active

Insegar
Logic
Torus
Pictyl
Varikill

Formulation and application details

Supplied as wettable granules, micro-emulsions, emulsifiable concentrates, granules and dusts

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

7.9

Low

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

500000

Ethyl acetate

500000

Acetone

500000

Toluene

4600

n-Hexane

Melting point (°C)

53.6

Boiling point (°C)

100.4

Degradation point (°C)

248

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

1.17 X 10⁰⁴

Calculated

Log P

4.07

High

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Soluble

Data type

Regulatory data - in livestock feeding studies fenoxycarb in fat was at the LOQ (0.01 mg/kg) at intake levels relevant to the representative use

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.23

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Not applicable

No dissociation

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

8.67 X 10^-04

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

3.3 X 10^-05

Non-volatile

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

2.1

24 hr

Volatilisation is not considered critical for air pollution

From soil surface

6.9

24 hr

Volatilisation is not considered critical for air pollution

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Neutral solution: 228nm = 15219, 278nm = 2453, 300nm = 745
Acidic solution: 228nm = 15062, 278nm = 2357, 300nm = 643
Basic solution: 228nm = 14879, 278nm = 2374, 300nm = 664

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

56.7-57.6

at 20°C

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

1.55

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

1.55

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

5.94

Non-persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

26.1

Non-persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

22.4

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

EU dossier lab studies DT₅₀ range 0.75-2.27 days, DT₉₀ range 4.87-66.5 days; field studies DT₅₀ range 4.08-8.89 days, DT₉₀ range 13.55-29.53

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

12.0

Note

Published literature RL₅₀ range 5.0-26.0 days, 3 field crops, various matrices, n=3

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

16.1

Slow

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Stable pH 3 to pH 9 up to 50 °C

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Fast

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

4.13

Moderately fast

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

24.5

Slightly mobile

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

1816

¹/_n

0.89

Notes and range

EU dossier kf range 4.4-46.7 mL g⁻¹, K_foc range 1251-2599 mL g⁻¹, ¹/_n range 0.84-0.96, Soils=5; Other literature studies: Mean of 4 soils. Sandy loam K_f=18-77; Loam K_f=77

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

0.57

Calculated

Low leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

5.02 X 10^-03

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Medium

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Slightly mobile

Calculated

Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk

4.0

Calculated using the Atkinson method. Assumed 9.7E+05 OH/cm³, 12 hr

Below the level of concern for long-range air transport

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

215

Whole fish

Threshold for concern

CT₅₀ (days)

0.86

Known soil metabolites

Metabolite

Major/Minor fraction

$Click here for further information on Major/Minor fraction$

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Notes

ethyl [2-(p-(p-hydroxy phenoxy)ethyl) carbamate]

Minor fraction

ethyl{2-[4-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)phenoxy]ethyl}carbamate (Ref: CGA 294850)

Minor fraction

ethyl [2-(p-(p-hydroxy phenoxy)phenoxy)ethyl) carbamate)

Minor fraction

[2-[4,4-glucoronoxy-phenoxy)-phenoxyl]-ethyl]carbamic acid ethyl ester (Ref: CGA 294848)

Known groundwater metabolites

None

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference

Aliases

Formation medium / Rate

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Ref: CGA 294847

Water (Photolysis)

0.169

2-hydroxyethyl{2-[4-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)phenoxy]ethyl}carbamate (Ref: CGA 294851)

Ro-16-3192

Rat (Liver)

[2-[4,4-glucoronoxy-phenoxy)-phenoxyl]-ethyl]carbamic acid ethyl ester (Ref: CGA 294848)

Rat (Urine, Faeces)

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 10000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

> 40

Rat

High

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

119

Rat Reproductive NOAEL

Moderate

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 3000

Anas platyrhynchos

Low

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

> 5885 mg kg bw⁻¹ day⁻¹

Anas platyrhynchos

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

17.7

Anas platyrhynchos NOEC

Moderate

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 425

Eisenia foetida

Moderate

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Soil micro-organisms

Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect
Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect

Dose: 3.0 mg kg⁻¹ 28 Day

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

> 450

Maize Wild oat OSR Soybean
Vegetative vigour, ER₅₀
as g ha⁻¹

> 450

Maize Wild oat OSR Soybean
Seedling emergence, ER₅₀
as g ha⁻¹

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 204

Apis mellifera

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 204

Apis mellifera

Low

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

> 2.5

Coccinella septempunctata Adult

Beneficial insects (Lacewings) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

5.0

Chrysoperla carnea 1st instar

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

> 463

Aphidius rhopalosiphi Adult

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

> 463

Typhlodromus pyri Protonymph

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

> 463

Poecilus cupreus

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.66

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.048

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.5

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.0000016

Daphnia magna

High

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

0.00075

Chironomus riparius

High

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

0.0028

Chironomus riparius

High

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

0.38

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata as product

Moderate

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

0.00032

Fish and aquatic invertebrates

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

Marine bivalves – Acute EC₅₀ development (mg l⁻¹)

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 10000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

2000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 4.4

Rat 4 hr (nose only)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.053

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

2.0

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.1

Dermal penetration studies (%)

0.2-28.0

concentration dependent

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Negligible risk to bystanders

Occupational

Negligible risk to operators and workers

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Possible liver, thyroid and kidney toxicant
US EPA - probable human carcinogen; CLP data - suspected carcingen
Endocrine issues - Interference with testosterone metabolism

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Emits toxic fumes in a fire
Not explosive or oxidising
IMDG Transport Hazard Class 6.1
Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable

CLP classification 2013

Health: H351
Environment: H400, H410

WHO Classification

U (Unlikely to present an acute hazard)

UN Number

UN2757

Waste disposal & packaging

Packaging Group III (minor danger)

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

Chemically stable under standard ambient conditions

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

fenoxycarb

French

fenoxycarbe

German

Fenoxycarb

Danish

fenoxycarb

Italian

fenoxicarb

Spanish

fenoxicarb

Greek

Polish

fenoksykarb

Swedish

Hungarian

fenoxikarb

Dutch

Norwegian

Record last updated:	31/10/2024
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242